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  CONTENTS

  CANE

  AFTERWORD

  Rudolph P. Byrd and Henry Louis Gates, Jr.

  “Song of the Son”: The Emergence and Passing of Jean Toomer

  CANE

  JEAN TOOMER

  CANE

  AUTHORITATIVE TEXT

  LIVERIGHT

  New York | London

  Copyright © 1923 by Boni & Liveright

  Copyright renewed 1951 by Jean Toomer

  “Song of the Son”: The Emergence and Passing of Jean Toomer copyright © 2011 by Rudolph P. Byrd and Henry Louis Gates, Jr., reprinted from Cane: Authoritative Text, Contexts, Criticism, Second Edition (A Norton Critical Edition), New York: Norton, 2011

  Elizabeth Alexander, “Toomer” from Crave Radiance: New and Selected Poems 1990–2010.

  Copyright © 2010 by Elizabeth Alexander. Reprinted with the permission of Elizabeth Alexander and Graywolf Press, Minneapolis, Minnesota, www.graywolfpress.org.

  First published as a Liveright paperback 1975; reissued 1993, 2011

  All rights reserved

  For information about permission to reproduce selections from this book,

  write to Permissions, W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.,

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  ISBN: 978-0-87140-210-3

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  TO MY GRANDMOTHER…

  Karintha

  Her skin is like dusk on the eastern horizon,

  O cant you see it, O cant you see it,

  Her skin is like dusk on the eastern horizon

  …When the sun goes down.

  Men had always wanted her, this Karintha, even as a child, Karintha carrying beauty, perfect as dusk when the sun goes down. Old men rode her hobby-horse upon their knees. Young men danced with her at frolics when they should have been dancing with their grown-up girls. God grant us youth, secretly prayed the old men. The young fellows counted the time to pass before she would be old enough to mate with them. This interest of the male, who wishes to ripen a growing thing too soon, could mean no good to her.

  Karintha, at twelve, was a wild flash that told the other folks just what it was to live. At sunset, when there was no wind, and the pine-smoke from over by the sawmill hugged the earth, and you couldnt see more than a few feet in front, her sudden darting past you was a bit of vivid color, like a black bird that flashes in light. With the other children one could hear, some distance off, their feet flopping in the two-inch dust. Karintha’s running was a whir. It had the sound of the red dust that sometimes makes a spiral in the road. At dusk, during the hush just after the sawmill had closed down, and before any of the women had started their supper-getting-ready songs, her voice, high-pitched, shrill, would put one’s ears to itching. But no one ever thought to make her stop because of it. She stoned the cows, and beat her dog, and fought the other children…Even the preacher, who caught her at mischief, told himself that she was as innocently lovely as a November cotton flower. Already, rumors were out about her. Homes in Georgia are most often built on the two-room plan. In one, you cook and eat, in the other you sleep, and there love goes on. Karintha had seen or heard, perhaps she had felt her parents loving. One could but imitate one’s parents, for to follow them was the way of God. She played “home” with a small boy who was not afraid to do her bidding. That started the whole thing. Old men could no longer ride her hobby-horse upon their knees. But young men counted faster.

  Her skin is like dusk,

  O cant you see it,

  Her skin is like dusk,

  When the sun goes down.

  Karintha is a woman. She who carries beauty, perfect as dusk when the sun goes down. She has been married many times. Old men remind her that a few years back they rode her hobby-horse upon their knees. Karintha smiles, and indulges them when she is in the mood for it. She has contempt for them. Karintha is a woman. Young men run stills to make her money. Young men go to the big cities and run on the road. Young men go away to college. They all want to bring her money. These are the young men who thought that all they had to do was to count time. But Karintha is a woman, and she has had a child. A child fell out of her womb onto a bed of pine-needles in the forest. Pine-needles are smooth and sweet. They are elastic to the feet of rabbits…A sawmill was nearby. Its pyramidal sawdust pile smouldered. It is a year before one completely burns. Meanwhile, the smoke curls up and hangs in odd wraiths about the trees, curls up, and spreads itself out over the valley…Weeks after Karintha returned home the smoke was so heavy you tasted it in water. Some one made a song:

  Smoke is on the hills. Rise up.

  Smoke is on the hills,

  O rise And take my soul to Jesus.

  Karintha is a woman. Men do not know that the soul of her was a growing thing ripened too soon. They will bring their money; they will die not having found it out…Karintha at twenty, carrying beauty, perfect as dusk when the sun goes down. Karintha…

  Her skin is like dusk on the eastern horizon,

  O cant you see it, O cant you see it,

  Her skin is like dusk on the eastern horizon

  …When the sun goes down.

  Goes down…

  Reapers

  Black reapers with the sound of steel on stones

  Are sharpening scythes. I see them place the hones

  In their hip-pockets as a thing that’s done,

  And start their silent swinging, one by one.

  Black horses drive a mower through the weeds,

  And there, a field rat, startled, squealing bleeds,

  His belly close to ground. I see the blade,

  Blood-stained, continue cutting weeds and shade.

  November Cotton Flower

  Boll-weevil’s coming, and the winter’s cold,

  Made cotton-stalks look rusty, seasons old,

  And cotton, scarce as any southern snow,

  Was vanishing; the branch, so pinched and slow,

  Failed in its function as the autumn rake;

  Drouth fighting soil had caused the soil to take

  All water from the streams; dead birds were found

  In wells a hundred feet below the ground—

  Such was the season when the flower bloomed.

  Old folks were startled, and it soon assumed

  Significance. Superstition saw

  Something it had never seen before:

  Brown eyes that loved without a trace of fear,

  Beauty so sudden for that time of year.

  Becky

  Becky was the white woman who had two Negro sons. She’s dead; they’ve gone away. The pines whisper to Jesus. The Bible flaps its leaves with an aimless rustle on her mound.

  Becky had one Negro son. Who gave it to her? Damn buck nigger, said the white folks’ mouths. She wouldnt tell. Common, God-forsaken, insane white shameless wench, said the white folks’ mouths. Her eyes were sunken, her neck stringy, her breasts fallen, till then. Taking their words, they filled her, like a bubble rising—then she broke. Mouth setting in a twist that held her eyes, harsh, vacant, staring…Who gave it to her? Low-down nigger with no self-respect, said the black folks’ mouths. She wouldnt tell. Poor Catholic poor-white crazy woman, said the black folks’ mouths. White folks and black folks built her cabin, fed her and her growing baby, prayed secretly to God who’d put His cross upon her and cast her out.

  When the first was born, the white folks said they’d have no more to do with her. And black folks, they too joined hands to cast her out…The pines whispered to Jesus…T
he railroad boss said not to say he said it, but she could live, if she wanted to, on the narrow strip of land between the railroad and the road. John Stone, who owned the lumber and the bricks, would have shot the man who told he gave the stuff to Lonnie Deacon, who stole out there at night and built the cabin. A single room held down to earth…O fly away to Jesus…by a leaning chimney…

  Six trains each day rumbled past and shook the ground under her cabin. Fords, and horse-and mule-drawn buggies went back and forth along the road. No one ever saw her. Trainmen, and passengers who’d heard about her, threw out papers and food. Threw out little crumpled slips of paper scribbled with prayers, as they passed her eye-shaped piece of sandy ground. Ground islandized between the road and railroad track. Pushed up where a blue-sheen God with listless eyes could look at it. Folks from the town took turns, unknown, of course, to each other, in bringing corn and meat and sweet potatoes. Even sometimes snuff…O thank y Jesus…Old David Georgia, grinding cane and boiling syrup, never went her way without some sugar sap. No one ever saw her. The boy grew up and ran around. When he was five years old as folks reckoned it, Hugh Jourdon saw him carrying a baby. “Becky has another son,” was what the whole town knew. But nothing was said, for the part of man that says things to the likes of that had told itself that if there was a Becky, that Becky now was dead.

  The two boys grew. Sullen and cunning…O pines, whisper to Jesus; tell Him to come and press sweet Jesus-lips against their lips and eyes…It seemed as though with those two big fellows there, there could be no room for Becky. The part that prayed wondered if perhaps she’d really died, and they had buried her. No one dared ask. They’d beat and cut a man who meant nothing at all in mentioning that they lived along the road. White or colored? No one knew, and least of all themselves. They drifted around from job to job. We, who had cast out their mother because of them, could we take them in? They answered black and white folks by shooting up two men and leaving town. “Godam the white folks; godam the niggers,” they shouted as they left town. Becky? Smoke curled up from her chimney; she must be there. Trains passing shook the ground. The ground shook the leaning chimney. Nobody noticed it. A creepy feeling came over all who saw that thin wraith of smoke and felt the trembling of the ground. Folks began to take her food again. They quit it soon because they had a fear. Becky if dead might be a hant, and if alive—it took some nerve even to mention it…O pines, whisper to Jesus…

  It was Sunday. Our congregation had been visiting at Pulverton, and were coming home. There was no wind. The autumn sun, the bell from Ebenezer Church, listless and heavy. Even the pines were stale, sticky, like the smell of food that makes you sick. Before we turned the bend of the road that would show us the Becky cabin, the horses stopped stock-still, pushed back their ears, and nervously whinnied. We urged, then whipped them on. Quarter of a mile away thin smoke curled up from the leaning chimney…O pines, whisper to Jesus…Goose-flesh came on my skin though there still was neither chill nor wind. Eyes left their sockets for the cabin. Ears burned and throbbed. Uncanny eclipse! fear closed my mind. We were just about to pass…Pines shout to Jesus!…the ground trembled as a ghost train rumbled by. The chimney fell into the cabin. Its thud was like a hollow report, ages having passed since it went off. Barlo and I were pulled out of our seats. Dragged to the door that had swung open. Through the dust we saw the bricks in a mound upon the floor. Becky, if she was there, lay under them. I thought I heard a groan. Barlo, mumbling something, threw his Bible on the pile. (No one has ever touched it.) Somehow we got away. My buggy was still on the road. The last thing that I remember was whipping old Dan like fury; I remember nothing after that—that is, until I reached town and folks crowded round to get the true word of it.

  Becky was the white woman who had two Negro sons. She’s dead; they’ve gone away. The pines whisper to Jesus. The Bible flaps its leaves with an aimless rustle on her mound.

  Face

  Hair—

  silver-gray,

  like streams of stars,

  Brows—

  recurved canoes

  quivered by the ripples blown by pain,

  Her eyes—

  mist of tears

  condensing on the flesh below

  And her channeled muscles

  are cluster grapes of sorrow

  purple in the evening sun

  nearly ripe for worms.

  Cotton Song

  Come, brother, come. Lets lift it;

  Come now, hewit! roll away!

  Shackles fall upon the Judgment Day

  But lets not wait for it.

  God’s body’s got a soul,

  Bodies like to roll the soul,

  Cant blame God if we dont roll,

  Come, brother, roll, roll!

  Cotton bales are the fleecy way

  Weary sinner’s bare feet trod,

  Softly, softly to the throne of God,

  “We aint agwine t wait until th Judgment Day!

  Nassur; nassur,

  Hump.

  Eoho, eoho, roll away!

  We aint agwine t wait until th Judgment Day!”

  God’s body’s got a soul,

  Bodies like to roll the soul,

  Cant blame God if we dont roll,

  Come, brother, roll, roll!

  Carma

  Wind is in the cane. Come along.

  Cane leaves swaying, rusty with talk,

  Scratching choruses above the guinea’s squawk,

  Wind is in the cane. Come along.

  Carma, in overalls, and strong as any man, stands behind the old brown mule, driving the wagon home. It bumps, and groans, and shakes as it crosses the railroad track. She, riding it easy. I leave the men around the stove to follow her with my eyes down the red dust road. Nigger woman driving a Georgia chariot down an old dust road. Dixie Pike is what they call it. Maybe she feels my gaze, perhaps she expects it. Anyway, she turns. The sun, which has been slanting over her shoulder, shoots primitive rockets into her mangrove gloomed, yellow flower face. Hi! Yip! God has left the Moses-people for the nigger. “Gedap.” Using reins to slap the mule, she disappears in a cloudy rumble at some indefinite point along the road.

  (The sun is hammered to a band of gold. Pine-needles, like mazda, are brilliantly aglow. No rain has come to take the rustle from the falling sweet-gum leaves. Over in the forest, across the swamp, a sawmill blows its closing whistle. Smoke curls up. Marvelous web spun by the spider sawdust pile. Curls up and spreads itself pine-high above the branch, a single silver band along the eastern valley. A black boy…you are the most sleepiest man I ever seed, Sleeping Beauty…cradled on a gray mule, guided by the hollow sound of cowbells, heads for them through a rusty cotton field. From down the railroad track, the chug-chug of a gas engine announces that the repair gang is coming home. A girl in the yard of a whitewashed shack not much larger than the stack of worn ties piled before it, sings. Her voice is loud. Echoes, like rain, sweep the valley. Dusk takes the polish from the rails. Lights twinkle in scattered houses. From far away, a sad strong song. Pungent and composite, the smell of farmyards is the fragrance of the woman. She does not sing; her body is a song. She is in the forest, dancing. Torches flare…juju men, greegree, witch-doctors…torches go out…The Dixie Pike has grown from a goat path in Africa.

  Night.

  Foxie, the bitch, slicks back her ears and barks at the rising moon.)

  Wind is in the cane. Come along.

  Cane leaves swaying, rusty with talk,

  Scratching choruses above the guinea’s squawk,

  Wind is in the cane. Come along.

  Carma’s tale is the crudest melodrama. Her husband’s in the gang. And its her fault he got there. Working with a contractor, he was away most of the time. She had others. No one blames her for that. He returned one day and hung around the town where he picked up week-old boasts and rumors…Bane accused her. She denied. He couldnt see that she was becoming hysterical. He would have liked to take his fists and beat her. Who
was strong as a man. Stronger. Words, like corkscrews, wormed to her strength. It fizzled out. Grabbing a gun, she rushed from the house and plunged across the road into a canebrake…There, in quarter heaven shone the crescent moon…Bane was afraid to follow till he heard the gun go off. Then he wasted half an hour gathering the neighbor men. They met in the road where lamp-light showed tracks dissolving in the loose earth about the cane. The search began. Moths flickered the lamps. They put them out. Really, because she still might be live enough to shoot. Time and space have no meaning in a canefield. No more than the interminable stalks…Some one stumbled over her. A cry went up. From the road, one would have thought that they were cornering a rabbit or a skunk…It is difficult carrying dead weight through cane. They placed her on the sofa. A curious, nosey somebody looked for the wound. This fussing with her clothes aroused her. Her eyes were weak and pitiable for so strong a woman. Slowly, then like a flash, Bane came to know that the shot she fired, with averted head, was aimed to whistle like a dying hornet through the cane. Twice deceived, and one deception proved the other. His head went off. Slashed one of the men who’d helped, the man who’d stumbled over her. Now he’s in the gang. Who was her husband. Should she not take others, this Carma, strong as a man, whose tale as I have told it is the crudest melodrama?

  Wind is in the cane. Come along.

  Cane leaves swaying, rusty with talk,

  Scratching choruses above the guinea’s squawk,

  Wind is in the cane. Come along.

  Song of the Son